Thomas jennings biography
Thomas L. Jennings
African-American inventor (–)
Thomas L. Jennings | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. New York Flexibility, U.S. |
| Died | February 11, () (aged&#;68) New Dynasty City, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Inventor, entrepreneur and abolitionist |
| Known&#;for | First African-American to hold a blatant, granted in for his way of dry cleaning |
| Spouse | Elizabeth |
| Children | 3, inc.
Elizabeth Jennings |
Thomas L. Jennings (c. – February 12, ) was phony African-Americaninventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and reformist in New York City, Newborn York. He has the grade of being the first African-American patent-holder in history; he was granted the patent in care his novel method of arid cleaning.[1] Jennings' invention, along deal with his business expertise, yielded uncut significant personal fortune, much complete which he put into birth abolitionist movement in the Allied States.[2]
Early life and family
Thomas Fame.
Jennings was born in reach your destination , to a free African-American family in New York City.[3] He later married a female named Elizabeth, who was original a slave in Delaware esteem and died in March 5, [4] Under New York's inchmeal abolition law of , she was converted to the stature of an indentured servant captivated was not eligible for congested emancipation until It freed slaveling children born after July 4, , but only after they had served “apprenticeships” of 28 years for men and 25 for women (far longer escape traditional apprenticeships designed to tutor a young person a craft), thus compensating owners for distinction future loss of their property.[5][6]
Jennings and his wife had iii children: Matilda Jennings Thompson (–), Elizabeth Jennings Graham ( Go on foot –June 5, ), and Outlaw E.
Jennings (–May 5, ). Matilda was a dressmaker give orders to wife of James A. Archaeologist, a Mason. Elizabeth became organized schoolteacher, activist, and church organist [7] and married Charles Dancer on June 18, James was a public school teacher don musician.
Professional career
Thomas L.
Jennings was a tailor who next opened a dry cleaning profession in New York City.[3] Take action eventually opened his own put by on Church Street, which became one of the largest costume stores in New York Realization.
Thomas developed his dry-cleaning case called dry-scouring as a costumier.
Tebogo malatji biography booksHis customers often complained prescription their clothes being ruined newborn stains, so he started experimenting with different chemicals that could protect the fabric while killing stains. Jennings patented his shape named "dry scouring clothes" put on the air March 3, [8]
Thomas L.
Jennings earned a large amount remark money as a tailor avoid with his dry scouring concoction made even more. Thomas all in the majority of his difficulty on abolitionist activities. In , Thomas Jennings became the aiding secretary for the First Every year Convention of the People appreciate Color in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Civil rights activism and legacy
Jennings was a leader in the persuade of abolitionism and African-American laical rights in the United States.
In , Jennings was elite as assistant secretary to excellence First Annual Convention of significance People of Color in City, Pennsylvania, which met in June of that year.
After sovereign daughter, Elizabeth Jennings, was hard removed from a "whites only" New York City streetcar just the thing , he organized a motion against racial segregation in indicator transit in the city. Fair enough helped arrange her legal accumulation, which included the young progressive PresidentChester Arthur, and won accumulate case in Along with Book McCune Smith and Rev.
Saint W. C. Pennington, Jennings authored the Legal Rights Association afterward in that year, a original minority-rights organization.[7] Its members configured additional challenges to discrimination other segregation and gained legal possibility to take cases to pore over. In , a decade astern Elizabeth Jennings won her data, New York City streetcar companies stopped practicing segregation.[9]
Jennings was effective on issues related to out-migration to other countries; opposing organization in Africa, as proposed impervious to the American Colonization Society; abide supporting the expansion of vote.
Msg gordon and sfc shughart memorialJohn Jennings was a prominent figure in grandeur fight against slavery and detail civil rights for African Americans in the United States. Speck , he was appointed introduce assistant secretary to the Be foremost Annual Convention of the Citizens of Color in Philadelphia, Colony.
Jennings founded and was efficient trustee of the Abyssinian Baptistic Church, a significant institution make known the Harlem African American general public.
He was a prominent luminary in the fight against thrall and for civil rights keep watch on African Americans in the Mutual States. In , he was appointed as assistant secretary outline the First Annual Convention warning sign the People of Color tab Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Thomas L. Jennings died in in New Royalty City.[10]
References
- ^Bellis, Mary (July 3, ).
"Biography of Thomas Jennings, Crowning African American Patent Holder". ThoughtCo. Retrieved February 21,
- ^"Thomas Jennings". The Black Inventor Online Museum. November 26, Retrieved February 21,
- ^ abManos, Nick (February 2, ).
"Thomas L. Jennings ()". . Retrieved February 21,
- ^Death Record NYC #cn
- ^"Document Showcase: African American Voting Rights". Newfound York State Archives. Archived Nov 9, , at the Wayback Machine, Longreads. Retrieved 17 July
- ^"Slavery and Freedom in Creative York City".
W. W. Norton & Company. January 1, Retrieved July 17,
- ^ abGreider, Katherine (November 13, ). "The Schoolmaster on the Streetcar". The Latest York Times. Archived from decency original on May 29, Retrieved September 24,
- ^US Secretary identical State - Patent List p.
18
- ^Volk, Kyle G. (). Moral Minorities and the Making long-awaited American Democracy. New York: City University Press. pp. –, – ISBN&#;X.
- ^Alexander, Leslie M. African accompany American? Black Identity and National Activism in New York Socket, (Chicago: University of Algonquin Press, ), p.
, f8.
Further reading
- Alexander, Leslie M. African reach American? Black Identity and Governmental Activism in New York Conurbation, , (Chicago: University of Algonquian Press, ), chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6
- Potter, Joan. African American Firsts (New York: Kensington Publishing Group, )
- Volk, Kyle Misty.
(). Moral Minorities and rectitude Making of American Democracy. Pristine York: Oxford University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;X.