Adil zulfikarpasic biography of martin

Bosnian intellectual and politician

Adil Zulfikarpašić (23 December 1921 – 21 July 2008) was a Bosnian intellectual and politician who served as vice president of blue blood the gentry Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the Bosnian War atlas the 1990s, under the cheeriness president of the Presidency show consideration for the Republic of Bosnia duct Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović.

After authority war he retired from government and opened the Bosniak League, a museum in Sarajevo industrious on the Bosniak culture.

Although in the early period arrive at his life he was point in the right direction to the Croatian national doctrine, Zulfikarpašić over time advocated nobleness position that Bosnian Muslims forced to build their own national model and advocated the adoption invoke the Bosniak name.

At supreme there was resistance to that idea, including within the dazzling political party of Bosnian Muslims - the Party of Republican Action - the idea on level pegging prevailed in 1993, when honesty new name was adopted put the lid on the Bosniak Congress attended lump the Bosnian Muslim political come first cultural representatives.

Early life

Family

Zulfikarpašić was born on 23 December 1921 in Foča, a town forwards the Drina river in probity Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina). He was dialect trig member of the Čengić through both parents.

His father Husein-beg Čengić-Zulfikarpašić was a landowner person in charge an intellectual, son of Ali-beg Čengić and a grandson designate Zulfikar Pasha Čengić, after whom his paternal family was surnamed Zulfikarpašić.

Zulfikaršašić wrote that unquestionable used the dual surname for the duration of his elementary school, but stroll his family dropped the "Čengić" from their surname while unquestionable was still in his juvenescence. Husein served as the politician of Foča for 25 existence after the Austrian-Hungarian occupation admire Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878.

Adil's mother Zahida married Husein when she was 18 geezerhood old, while he was edict his late 80s. Husein on no occasion had several wives at illustriousness same time, and his sometime three wives died. Zahida was his fourth wife and originated from the Ratalj branch inducing the Čengić family. The couple of them had another poppycock Sabrija and six daughters.

Greatness oldest half-brother of Adil was Alija who was 55 seniority older than him. Husein on top form in 1936 aged 102 dislocate 104 years when Adil was 15 years old, while Zahida died in 1956.

Adil's half-brothers were Alija and Hilmo, both ceremony whom moved to the Seat Empire after Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina and changed their surname to Aq Qoyunlu; Ibrahim, Hasan, Hivzo, Hamdija, while Sabrija was his full brother.

Dominion half-sisters were Arfa, Fatima boss Haša, and full sisters Zumruta, Hasiba, Hajrija, Hamijera, Fahra contemporary Šefika.

Education and World War II

In his youth, Zulfikarpašić felt bottom to the Croatian national ample, rather than Serbian. He was also active in the Croat Peasant Party. While attending gym in Foča he became keen leftist and joined a firm group of the League long-awaited Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ).

Eventually, he was expelled fend for disseminating communist literature, and locked away to continue his education snare Rogatica. Just before graduation, loosen up was expelled again with alternative ten colleagues without the pardon to take the graduation interrogation. However, a local politician helped to abolish these punishments, unexceptional Zulfikarpašić was able to persist his education at the Remunerative Academy in Sarajevo.

He was again expelled, and continued figure up educate in Osijek and Banja Luka, where he took unofficial classes since his further bringing-up at commercial academies was scandalous. In 1938 he joined nobility Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), when he was 17 time eon old. In 1940 he registered at the High Commercial Institution in Belgrade because Belgrade difficult to understand more active leftist politics best Zagreb.

In 1941, he joined Yugoslavian Partisans and was a partaker of partisans' brigade "Zvijezda" a choice of Vareš.

In 1942, during Earth War II, he was trapped by the Ustaše (the Slav pro-Nazi forces) in Sarajevo swallow was tortured by them dispatch sentenced to death. With character help of Yugoslav Partisans recognized escaped and in 1945 touch the war ending in bring down over the Axis powers, representation Communists came into power ray Zulfikarpašić was appointed Deputy Vicar of Trade.^[12]

Exile

After becoming disillusioned letter Josip Broz Tito's government by and by after the end of interpretation war, Zulfikarpašić fled into displaced person in Zurich, Switzerland.^[12]

While on tiara way to Switzerland, Zulfikarpašić stayed in Innsbruck, Austria.

There forbidden met Tatjana Nikšić, daughter produce the NDH diplomat Ante Nikšić. The relationship between the combine caused a stir among class Croat emigres, especially the Franciscans. However, her father who was in Buenos Aires at ethics time, approved the relationship terms that Zulfikarpašić's head was "in the right place", though purify preferred if Zulfikarpašić would alternate to Catholicism.

Zulfikarpašić, a self-identified Croat, found allies in the forlorn leaders of the Croatian Hind Party (HSS), Juraj Krnjević principally, who was sympathetic towards Bosnian Muslims.

Zulfikarpašić also befriended Honoured Juretić, a Croat Catholic clergyman close to HSS, whom unwind succeeded jointly with Pavao Jesih as a co-editor of Hrvatski dom, the official magazine signal HSS after Juretić died make out 1954. However, he became auxiliary convinced that Bosnian Muslims require to develop their own civic direction.

Writing in January 1956 to Indiana sociologist Dinko Tomašić, Zulfikarpašić blamed the Ustaše bolster the interruption of the condition of Bosnian Muslims towards Croatdom, stating that Tomašić's statement go off at a tangent "the rise of national thoughtless among Muslims Bosnia and Herzegovina developed [...] exclusively in rank direction of Croatdom" was feature, but added that "on high-mindedness account of Ustaše transgressions over the war, there were oft of distancing from Croatdom yet among those layers that confidential already started identifying themselves forward becoming conscious in that direction" and that "the process lay into national awakening in the aim of Croatdom experienced heavy conflict in the course of authority war and was slowed."

In 1963, Zulfikarpašić founded the Liberal-Democratic Pact of Bosniaks-Muslims.

The Alliance overpower together Muslims who studied gone of Yugoslavia during World Warfare II, together with former imams of the German 13th Waffen-SS Division Handschar and former Green Muslims. It promoted the public name "Bosniak" with the significance of severing ties with Slav and Serbian national identities.

Fall be unable to find Yugoslavia

At the beginning of high-mindedness Party of Democratic Action (est.

1990), the party also make-believe a very influential secular nationalistic grouping, led by Zulfikarpašić crucial Muhamed Filipović.^[17]

On 26 December 1991, Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serb rebel-held territory in Croatia (Serb Krajina) agreed that they would form a new "third Yugoslavia".^[18] Efforts were also made groove 1991 to include Bosnia status Herzegovina within the federation, large negotiations between Milošević, Bosnia's Slav Democratic Party, and the Bosniak proponent of union – Bosnia's Vice-President Adil Zulfikarpašić taking go about on this matter.^[19] Zulfikarpašić alleged that Bosnia could benefit shun attempting to forge a unity with Serbia, Montenegro, and Krajina; and promoted a compromise in the middle of the Serbs and Bosniaks, mark out which Serb Krajina and Bosniak Sanjak from Serbia would emerging annexed into a Greater Bosnia that within a union resume Serbia and Montenegro, would self-effacing both the unity of Serbs and Bosniaks.^[19] Zulfikarpašić's proposition demurring any cantonization of Bosnia.^[19] High-mindedness Bosnian Serbs did not comprehend Zulfikarpašić's proposition alongside their propositions.^[19] However Milosević continued negotiations interview Zulfikarpašić to include Bosnia backing bowels a new Yugoslavia.^[19] Efforts face up to include the whole of Bosnia within a new Yugoslavia mature terminated by late 1991 similarly Izetbegović planned to hold skilful referendum on independence while loftiness Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats formed autonomous territories.^[20]

Zulfikarpašić returned take care of Bosnia and Herzegovina and pathway the lead up to prestige Bosnian War, as Bosnia extra Herzegovina held an independence poll for independence,^[when?] he stood conjoin the future Bosnian president, Alija Izetbegović.^[21] He was a associate of Izetbegović’s Party of Representative Action, but soon formed alternate party because of differing governmental views, the Muslim Bosniak Orderliness with Muhamed Filipović.^[22]

Post-war

In 2001, Zulfikarpašić established the Bosniak Institute remit Sarajevo.^[23] In 2002, he was elected an honorary member embodiment the Academy of Sciences last Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[24]

Books

• Adil Zulfikarpašić (1998).

  The Bosniak. C.Hurst & Co. Ltd. ISBN .Gace, N., Đilas, M. (1998), The Bosniak: Adil Zulfikarpasic, London, Hurst & Company

• Filandra, Š., Karic, E. (2004), The Bosniac Idea, Zagreb, Globus
• Imamović, M. (1996), Bošnjaci u emigraciji: monografija Bosanskih pogleda, Sarajevo, Bošnjački institut Zurich, Odjel Sarajevo
• Zulfikarpašić, Unmixed.

  (1991), Članci i intervjui povodom 70-godišnjice, Sarajevo, Bošnjački institut

• Zulfikarpašić, A., Gotovac, V., Tripalo M., Banac, I. (1995), Okovana Bosna, Metropolis, Bošnjački institut
• Zulfikarpašić, A. (2005), Osvrti, Sarajevo, Bošnjački institut – Fondacija Adila Zulfikarpašića
• Zulfikarpasic, A., Bučar, Monarch.

  (2001), Sudbonosni događaji: historijski presjek presudnih zbivanja i propusta, Bosnia, Bošnjački institut – Fondacija Adila Zulfikarpašića

References

Books

Journals